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Mauritania, a country in West Africa that often goes under the radar for many travelers, is a land of contrasts and remarkable landscapes. From the vast Saharan dunes to the rich cultural heritage, Mauritania offers a unique blend of history, adventure, and natural beauty. Though it might not be as popular as its neighboring countries, such as Morocco or Senegal, Mauritania holds hidden gems that make it an exciting destination for intrepid explorers. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the best things to do and see in this fascinating country.
The Sahara Desert: Adventure in the Endless Sands
One of the most striking features of Mauritania is its location within the Sahara Desert, one of the largest and most inhospitable deserts on Earth. The Mauritanian Sahara offers a pristine, untouched environment for those looking for an authentic desert experience.
Chinguetti: A Gateway to the Sahara
Chinguetti, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient trading town located in the heart of the desert. This town, once a thriving center of knowledge and religion, is famous for its centuries-old libraries, which house some of the world’s most ancient Islamic manuscripts. Visitors can explore the historical architecture, including the grand mosque and traditional mud-brick houses, and experience a serene, timeless atmosphere.
The town is also an excellent starting point for Sahara desert excursions. You can take camel treks across the sweeping dunes, experiencing the vastness of the Sahara while also learning about traditional nomadic lifestyles.
The Grand Erg of the Sahara
For those seeking a more immersive Sahara experience, a trip to the Grand Erg is a must. This vast sea of sand dunes stretches across Mauritania and into Algeria. The dunes here can rise as high as 150 meters (500 feet), offering a spectacular sight that is unlike any other on Earth. Travelers can ride camels into the desert, spend a night under the stars, and feel the true isolation and beauty of the Sahara.
Nouakchott: Mauritania’s Bustling Capital
Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, may not be as famous as other African capitals, but it offers a mix of traditional and modern life that makes it worth visiting. Located on the Atlantic coast, Nouakchott is the gateway to the country and offers a glimpse into Mauritania’s contemporary culture.
Nouakchott Market
One of the best places to experience the vibrancy of Nouakchott is the central market. This bustling marketplace is where you’ll find a variety of goods, including textiles, spices, and local handicrafts. The market provides a great opportunity to interact with locals and pick up unique souvenirs such as intricately woven carpets, jewelry, and pottery.
The Beaches of Nouakchott
Nouakchott is located on the Atlantic Ocean, and its beaches are surprisingly beautiful. Though they may not be as developed as the beaches of more popular tourist destinations, they provide a tranquil escape. The beaches are relatively quiet, with only a few locals and fishermen present. You can take a peaceful walk along the shore or enjoy a picnic while watching the fishing boats come and go.
The Banc d’Arguin National Park: A Wildlife Paradise
If you’re interested in nature and wildlife, the Banc d’Arguin National Park is a must-visit. Located along Mauritania’s coastline, the park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important bird-watching destinations in the world. The park is home to thousands of migratory birds, including flamingos, pelicans, and herons, making it a paradise for bird enthusiasts.
Wildlife Watching
The park spans an area of 12,000 square kilometers and includes a mix of wetlands, sandbars, and coastal deserts. It’s particularly known for its diverse ecosystem, which includes not only birds but also marine life such as fish, turtles, and dolphins. The park also serves as a breeding ground for a variety of species, making it a key site for conservation efforts.
Visitors can explore the park by boat, which offers the best chance to see the wildlife in their natural habitat. Additionally, the park’s unique coastal landscapes and pristine beaches provide an excellent opportunity for hiking and photography.
Atar: Exploring the Ancient Desert Town
Atar is a charming town located in the Adrar Region, which serves as a gateway to exploring the northern parts of Mauritania. It’s an ideal base for those wishing to explore the ancient desert towns, as well as the stunning natural landscapes in the area.
Ancient Kasbahs and Forts
Atar is surrounded by ancient kasbahs (fortresses) and traditional Mauritanian settlements. A visit to the nearby town of Tergit is recommended for anyone interested in seeing an ancient desert village still inhabited by locals. Here, you can marvel at the centuries-old architecture, including mud-brick homes and forts.
The town is also close to the famous “Oasis of Tergit,” where you can visit natural springs and admire the lush date palms against the harsh backdrop of the desert.
Climbing the Red Rocks of Ouadane
Ouadane, located a short distance from Atar, is another ancient trading town that played a significant role in trans-Saharan trade. Today, it is known for its striking red rock formations and well-preserved ruins. Visitors can hike up the rocks for panoramic views of the surrounding desert, while exploring the town’s ruins and learning about its history as a key stop for caravans traveling through the Sahara.
5. The Adrar Region: A Landscape of Mountains and Oasis
The Adrar region, in the northern part of Mauritania, is a land of dramatic landscapes, offering travelers an opportunity to experience the Sahara Desert in a variety of ways. From mountains to oases, this area is a natural playground for those seeking adventure.
The Valley of the Acacias
One of the standout features of the Adrar Region is the Valley of the Acacias, a stunning oasis surrounded by towering sand dunes and rocky landscapes. The valley is home to a number of traditional Mauritanian villages, where visitors can get a glimpse of local life. The acacia trees that line the valley provide a striking contrast to the vast, barren desert around them, making this a perfect spot for photography.
Rock Art of the Desert
The region is also known for its ancient rock art, with carvings that date back thousands of years. The most famous site is the “rock art of the Tassili n’Ajjer” located near the border with Algeria, where you can see prehistoric drawings of animals and humans. Visiting these sites gives you a unique insight into the lives of ancient people who once inhabited the region.
The Rich Culture and Traditions of Mauritania
Mauritania’s rich cultural heritage is a unique blend of Arab, Berber, and Sub-Saharan African traditions. The country is known for its hospitality, and travelers will often be invited into local homes to share meals and experiences.
Traditional Music and Dance
Mauritania has a long history of traditional music and dance. The country is famous for its “Awal” music, which blends African rhythms with Arabic melodies. The music is often accompanied by traditional dance and storytelling, providing a vibrant cultural experience.
Mauritanian Cuisine
Mauritanian cuisine is based on staples like rice, millet, and dates, often served with lamb, chicken, or fish. The country’s culinary influences come from Arab and Berber cultures, as well as West African traditions. Dishes like “Mechoui” (slow-roasted lamb) and “Couscous” are commonly enjoyed during special occasions and family gatherings.